Modern Etching and Bonding Materials in Orthodontics

نویسنده

  • Güvenç Başaran
چکیده

Esthetics has been an indispensable element in human life for centuries. The elimination of esthetic problems substantially aids in confident self-expression. In addition to the different departments dealing with esthetics in medicine, orthodontists also make arrangements to eliminate various esthetic and functional concerns. These arrangements include the correction of skeletal and dental anomalies. Dental arrangements mostly involve the use of fixed orthodontic attachments. Previously, orthodontic treatments with fixed attachments had been performed by soldering brackets onto bands. In 1907, gold clamp bands were used by Angle as part of his edgewise philosophy. (Angle,1907) In later years, pitch-fit bands were used in full-mouth banding techniques, followed by the use of prefabricated stainless steel bands for orthodontic treatment. However, full-mouth banding techniques had some disadvantages, including increased chair-time, diastemata resulting from the removal of bands at the end of the treatment, unaesthetic appearances and soft tissue irritation. In 1955, Buonocore applied 85% phosphoric acid to enamel and became a pioneer in science by providing a method for bonding acrylic structures by etching on enamel.(Buonocore, 1955) However, Newman (Newman,1965) and Retief (Retief,1970) started to use phosphoric acid with modification in percentage and application time in the 1960s. The preliminary results of the studies began to be shared in the 1970s(Silverman& Cohen, 1972), and the most extensive follow-up results were reported in 1977.(Zacrisson BU, 1977) In contemporary practice, 37% orthophosphoric acid gel or solution is applied to enamel for 30 seconds, and the minerals on the enamel surface are dissolved. The appearance of retention sites on enamel are as follows: the enamel prism walls remain stable while the cores are removed, the prism walls are removed while the cores remain stable or both structures are removed. (Type 1and 2 etching pattern) (Silverstone & Saxton, 1975; Galil & Wright, 1979) These demineralized areas, which are present after water rinsing and air drying, do not have uniform depths, and fixed attachments are bonded to the enamel surface by bonding adhesive materials to the gaps on the walls or in the center of the hexagonal enamel prisms. Advances in etching and bonding materials took place over time with new developments in technology and clinician demands. In this chapter, information about the preliminary preparation for direct bonding and the development of etching, bonding and adhesive materials and their application guidelines will be given.

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تاریخ انتشار 2012